Introduction
The study of an archaeological site, as seen in its complexity, the morphology of the land to the existing buildings, requires proof that, while using different technologies, to create an integrated information system that, if properly structured, can know the cultural heritage in all its aspects and dimensions and typological, as the technical means used, it fosters the monitoring and dissemination of relevant data. The evolution of technologies used in the field of documentation allows you to acquire information at different levels of definition, to organize data on the land, facilities and exhibits, in an integrated system available in the disciplines of conservation / restoration, study of the land and archaeology; also because the documentation of each site or facility characteristics and difficulties of different nature, we must adopt a rigorous methodology, based mainly on the referencing of data and the proper integration of the traditional method of relief with the new technologies currently available. In this respect the work of documentation that is taking place at the site of Paikuli and Ostia Antica can be considered exemplary because it designed from the outset on the basis of geo-referencing all the data and the implementation of a GIS system. The study and findings of archaeological investigations carried out on the territory, allowed the development of a methodology of documentation depends on the data products, this system has been developed taking into account the needs of the group of archaeologists directly involved in the field and the direction of scientific mission. As previously mentioned, every major site has different issues to some basic parameters regarding the type of information which must be taken into account to make a proper and meaningful documentation, in this case, a fundamental objective has been to direct the study towards a methodology that can correlate all the data in relation to the area. Both the archaeological area of Paikuli that the documentation for the procedure to Ostia you are following, is as follows:
. Geo-data by means of appropriate equipment (GPS and Total Station Leica last generation)
. Detailed characterization relief of the archaeological complex type of information to be developed has influenced the choice of methodologies to be used in relief and the different scales of representation in which to return the graphic and digital, this choice determines the degree of synthesis that is necessary to achieve in relief, for relief of detail, has been chosen for the 1:20 scale Mitreo delle sette Porte to Ostia Antica and the scale of 1:25 for the archaeological area of Paikuli, scale of representation that allow a characterization of archaeological type sufficiently detailed. The next step provides documentation to achieve the following results:
. 3D model of the state of structures
. Model and 3D reconstruction of structures
. Reconstruction of the landscape
. Research standards for the preparation of processed digital CAD relief
. Design of methodology for acquisition of digital graphic as the basis of a GIS system and its prototype.
In conclusion, the major archaeological / architecture is one way to know in its entirety the subject we are studying, and taking in all aspects, from size to those in manufacturing different historical phases. The dimensions of the object to be collected and the purpose to which it is addressed to the study determine the choice of methods appropriate documentation. Currently, the technical means at our disposal allow a major integrated, as appropriate, sees the use of information obtained by different methods: the photogrammetric and topographic survey in combination with traditional methods of relief, or a process from a model "virtual" realized by methods of laser scanning of surfaces allows to recreate the 3D model of the state of facts and then draw the graphs (eg plants, tables, sections). In the latter case it is necessary to overcome problems arising from the diversification of land from the point cloud of 3D scanning and then obtain significant models and high-definition, while maintaining a job in the computer's memory is not excessive. Last frontier is the ability to combine information from different kind for virtual models (data analysis and diagnostic referenced with respect to the areas, themes, images etc..).
|
